Project Management Office - 3966 Words

Contents What is the purpose and mission of a PMO? 1 What are the main challenges and obstacles in implementing a PMO? 5 What structures and governance mechanisms are critical to effective PMO implementation? 6 How much PM is enough PM? How much PMO support is enough PMO support? 9 References 9 What is the purpose and mission of a PMO? The purpose of a Project Management Office is to define and maintain projects management standards that must be implemented and adhered to throughout the organisation. The project management office must standardise the way that projects are executed by ensuring that policies, processes and procedures are repeated in exactly the same way in all of the projects that are performed in the†¦show more content†¦Project Governance: During this activity the structure of the PMO and how it fits into the rest of the organization is defined. It must be decided of the PMO will be centralised in the organization or if it will be used in a consultative role. If it is the formed then the project managers will form part of the PMO staff, if the latter then the project managers will use the PMO to do consulting. Resource Management: If the PMO operates in a centralised model then the PMO becomes responsible for managing the resources needed on the project. This allows the project managers to focus on managing the projects and not to spend time attempting to get resources from the functional managers. The PMO becomes responsible to negotiate for resources from the functional managers that that they then use across multiple projects. Mentoring: The mentoring role the PMO plays should add significant value to the organization. Due to the structured approach that a PMO implements and all the standardised processes and procedures it becomes easy that senior staff members become mentors to the junior staff members and thereby ensuring that the best practices are followed by all the staff members in the organization. Project Portfolio Management: Historically project portfolio management has been performed by the senior management team. Considering the importance of project portfolio management in ensuring that the correct projectsShow MoreRelatedProject Management Office1795 Words   |  8 PagesThe case Project Context: AtekPC founded in 1984, has grown to become a mid-sized U.S PC maker, with 2100 employees, $1.9m revenues in 2006. With the transition of PC industry from a growth market to that of a maturing market, AtekPC was experiencing tremendous cost pressure and changing management urgency. In order to positioning the organization for the future, John Strider, CIO for AtekPC, had strong convictions that the PMO-light model1was the way to go. PMO issues involved at AtekPCRead MoreProject Management Office ( Pmo )1410 Words   |  6 Pages Project Management Office (PMO) According to Project Management Institute (PMI 2008), a PMO is an organizational body or entity assigned various responsibilities related to the centralized and coordinated management of those projects under its domain. The role of the project management office (PMO) has increased nowadays, as many organizations are implementing it. According to PMI (PMI 2011), organizations with a PMO report more projects coming in on time, on budget and meeting intended goals toRead MoreQuestions On Project Management Office Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesabout? This 4-week focused course in Project Management Office designed for those seeking to gain practical, hands-on project management office skills. It will cover the basic principles of project management, including getting started; project planning and risk analysis; as well as provide practical training in the use of MS project, Excel beginner to intermediate level and MS PowerPoint. The course is unique because it focuses on learning project management office by â€Å"doing†, rather than by â€Å"reading†Read MoreProject Management Office For The Government1041 Words   |  5 Pagescivilization, projects have been understood as an endeavor to obtain a specific result. Wysocki (2011) defines a project as â€Å"A sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities that have one goal or purpose and that must be completed by a specific time, within budget, and according to specification†. Through the centuries, the projects have become more complex, with more var iables. The mid-twentieth century was marked as a significant transition regarding the way we build projects. The 60s broughtRead MoreThe Atekpc Project Management Office8319 Words   |  34 Pages9-308-049 OCTOBER 11, 2007 F. WARREN MCFARLAN MARK KEIL JOHN HUPP The AtekPC Project Management Office A rain had started in the early evening of March 3, 2007, and the streets of Metropolis were cold and grey where the AtekPC headquarters were located. As John Strider, CIO for AtekPC, packed up his briefcase at the end of the day, his thoughts returned to the new Project Management Office (PMO) that he had approved several months ago. During his tenure of over twenty years at AtekPC, Strider hadRead MoreThe Agile Project Management Office Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesProject Management Office in an Agile environment 1.0 Introduction : Project Management Office (PMO) and Agile method are highly reputable terms in many organizations, especially in their IT projects. The PMO is a group of people or committee within an organization that is responsible to define and maintain standards and practices for traditional project management. The ultimate objective for the PMO is to gain the benefits that are derived from applying Project Management (PM) methods, practicesRead MoreHarvard Business School: the Atekpc Project Management Office1550 Words   |  7 PagesCases in Applied Project Management Individual  Assignment Identify the main purpose and mission of a PMO and what are the main challenges and obstacles in implementing a PMO? (HBS: The AtekPC Project Management Office) Submitted by: KMO Greene Introduction The AtekPC Company found in 1984 has grown in size and scope to become a mid-sized technology PC manufacturer. The company now boasts 2100 fulltime employees with an additional 200 part time workers and revenues of $1.9 billionRead MoreThe Project Management Office: An Overview1572 Words   |  6 PagesProject Management Office The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), published by the Project Management Institute, addresses the objective of a Project Management Office (PMO) as follows: PMO is an organizational body or entity assigned various responsibilities related to the centralized and coordinated management of those projects under its domain. The responsibilities of a PMO can range from providing project management support functions to actually being responsible for the directRead MoreThe Atekpc Project Management Office2166 Words   |  9 PagesThe AtekPC Project Management Office: Situation: John Strider the CEO of AtekPC is faced with pressure that is facing the PC industry as a result of the industry transition. Strider had in the past thought of a Project Management Office which if implemented would of great benefit to AtekPC in the long run. He however did not want to implement this idea in a rush because he had concerns of the effect it would have if they tried to push hard with the idea. There were questions on how PMO ProgramRead MoreProject Management and Program Office2564 Words   |  11 PagesConsequently, the company was able to follow a management approach characterized by functional groups (e.g., engineering, marketing, purchasing), performing traditional tasks. Although program coordination existed, there was very little centralized control over a total program. FedRad first departed from its traditional approach to organization when the company won the SPAWN contract. To win the competition, FedRad had descried a SPAWN Program Office in its management proposal. There were two reasons for

The Holocaust Violated Human Rights Essay example

Human Rights Violation: The Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the worst and most horrific events that took place in world history, the largest attempted genocide ever. The Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the largest events that has ever violated human rights. The Holocaust began in 1933 with Adolf Hitler leading the anti-Jew campaign which ultimately led to the torture and murder of over six million Jews in Germany. Hitler’s campaign not only affected the Jews but others would be labeled as â€Å"undesirable† as well. Gypsies and homosexuals as well as political and religious opposition would also be eliminated. The Holocaust is taught as a mass genocide of the Jews, but more than five million others would undergo†¦show more content†¦Wiesel had to deal with his family being separated and tortured as well as his own account with facing injury and death and trying to survive. â€Å"Men to the left, women to the right! Eight words spoken quietly, indifferently, without emotion. Yet that was the moment when I parted from my mother†¦we were alone. I saw my mother and sister disappear into the distance† (Wiesel 38). The violation of human rights began in Germany with Hitler’s rise to power and his plan to rid the country of all Jews. What started in small Jewish owned shops ended in the concentration camps and gas chambers set up by the Germans. The Jewish people experienced death and their rights being taken completely away. Elie Wiesel experienced all of this and lived to tell. Adolf Hitler violated all human rights during his reign. The right to freedom, the right to not be subjected to torture and inhumane treatment and the right to life itself were among the three that Elie Wiesel and his family could not have. Freedom was the first human right to be violated during the Holocaust. The Nazis would knock down the doors to their homes and demand that the Jewish people give up their gold, jewelry and any other objects of value. Everythi ng had to be handed over to the authorities. During this time the Jews had strict curfews placed upon them and specific areas of cities were considered off limits toShow MoreRelatedFrom Human Wrongs to Human Rights Many Novels1045 Words   |  4 PagesHaving human rights in place imposes certain obligations on the government and justifies the complaints of those whose rights and freedoms have not been respected. Everyone is entitled to human rights regardless of their nationality, gender, race, religion, or political opinion. The failure to recognize these rights results in conflict and a vicious cycle of violence as more human rights are violated. To avoid such clashes, human rights have become a fundamental part of global law and policy. HoweverRead MoreHuman Rights And The Rights1292 Words   |  6 Pagesexactly are Human Rights, can they be violated? Many people don’t pay too much attention to this global issue, however the violation of human rights is a tremendous and current problem. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and integrity and should act towards one another. Human Rights will be rights that you have basically in light of the fact that you are a human. In the event that you went around and asked diverse individuals What is Human RightsRead MoreFreedom From The Guantanamo Bay Prison1304 Words   |  6 Pagesviolates two human rights. This is a vital reason for closing the Guantanamo Bay prison. Freedom from torture is an important human right because if we didn’t have it, even more people would be in unnecessary and excruciating pain, and even in prison, people deserve a certain amount of comfort in their daily life. Freedom from unfair detainment is another important human right, because it is inhumane to imprison people arbitrarily. Camp 22 is a historical example of where the rights to no tortureRead MoreHuman Rights in History1119 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout his tory, human rights have been violated and there have been people trying to fight for their rights but many have failed. Each human being has the same equal rights at the time of birth and that should not change at any given moment. Human rights entitle a person’s right to freedom of expression and movement, equality before the law, the rights to live, right to education, religion, and to own property as it states in the (preamble). People all around the world should know and understandRead MoreHolocaust : Harmful Or Helpful?1733 Words   |  7 PagesHolocaust Content; Harmful or Helpful? The Holocaust is a topic that some think of as a very essential part of history that students should learn about. On the other hand, some would argue that it is too severe for middle school students. Without a doubt, Nazis abused their large power and used it towards destruction and in so, violated civil rights and killed 6 million Jews. The Holocaust was a turning point in history that is only taught based on the judgement of schools. The Holocaust MuseumRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Important Part Of History1721 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust is a topic that some think of as a very essential part of history that students should learn about. On the other hand, some would argue that it is too severe for middle school students. Without a doubt, Nazis abused their large power and used it towards destruction and in so, violated civil rights and killed 6 million Jews. The Holocaust was a turning point in history that is only taught based on the judgement of schools. The Holocaust Muse um in Houston says, â€Å"During the Holocaust religiousRead MoreThe International System And Contemporary International Law Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesIn Unjust Justice, Chantal Delsol evaluates the contemporary international system and contemporary international law, the regulation of relations between sovereign states, by defending various principles that she claims will be violated by the potential formation of a â€Å"world government†. The principles that Delsol defends in response to recent steps toward a universal state are found in the works of modern thinker, Emer de Vattel, and medieval thinker, Thomas Aquinas. Furthermore, her critiqueRead MoreAdolf Eichmann And Human Rights1655 Words   |  7 PagesHuman rights are a complex notion, that theoretically should be afforded to every human being on the planet. However, despite the notion of human rights for all, widespread human rights violations have still occurred throughout human history. The Holocaust is a specific historical example of how human rights violations can be widespread, and systematic. The Holocaust was the mass genocide of the Jewish community during the second world war (O’Byrne, 2003). However, while the human rights violationsRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis903 Words   |  4 Pages Eliezer â€Å"Elie† Wiesel, a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate and Holocaust survivor, acknowledged that â€Å"There is so much injustice and suffering crying out for our attention: victims of hunger, of racism, and political persecution, writers and poets, prisoners in so many lands governe d by the left and by the right. Human rights are being violated on every continent. More people are oppressed than free.† When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they believed thatRead MoreWar : Dream Or Impossibility? American President John F. Kennedy1063 Words   |  5 Pagesclearly not a possibility. Gun violence is an inherent part of human nature. To begin with, ever since the explorers discovered North America they were shooting everyone. Written as a poem about the past, Jeannette C. Armstrong explains in â€Å"History Lesson† what happened after the first European explorers got off Christopher Columbus’s ship. â€Å"Out of the belly of Christopher s ship a mob bursts†¦ Shooting buffalo, Shooting each other left and right†(85). This quote is an allusion to the many wars and conflicts

Remuneration Report Analysis- Free-Samples-Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report on Common Wealth Bank Australia. Answer: Introduction CBA is one of the largest banks in Australia serving common public across the globe. The company reports the Remuneration as a message from the directors to the shareholders in their annual report each year and while doing this it takes care of the various reporting requirements set around the globe. Individual Report Company Name Being a bank the business of the company becomes more open to the public and hence the public disclosure of the remuneration policies, basis and the impact becomes very important for the stakeholders. As mentioned in the annual report the company follows performance based approach for the remuneration which is also dependent on certain success factors linked to stakeholders and customer satisfaction at large. The company had evaluated the performance as short term/long term goals based on which the executives are evaluated. (Sigler, 2011) Performance Measurement The remuneration outcome were on a positive side where Short term incentives were given based on the measurement of performance of the group. These measurement lead to some reductions in STI leading ti lower values compared to the last year results. The company has a separate Group Leadership Award plan (GRLP) to award the executives and these are the equity awards given which can be vested over the 4 year period. There had been certain change in the remuneration policies in the current year where the management focused more on changes to performance measures to make it more robust and achieve long term superior performance from the executives group. Some changes that came up were: Individual Level Assessment of STI based on performance scorecards defining the individual outcomes and driving the goals of the management The GRLP will be linked to feedback from the community and the people which will form as one of the factors for measuring performance and would have the weightage of 25% in determination of the same. Annual Report can be accessed here: https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/about-us/shareholders/pdfs/annual-reports/2016_Annual_Report_to_Shareholders_15_August_2016.pdf The team size of the executives include 11 Non - Executive directors, 11 group executives and a managing director which form the structure of the leaders of the company. There is a team set up which forms the remuneration committee and mainly made up of non-executive directors of the company which can be termed as independent directors of the company. This committee is focused on the various regulatory reforms in the build of the remuneration structure, KPIs for the various roles of the executives and best market practices along with monitory of the long term incentives of the group executives as well. (Yatim*, 2015) The details of the remuneration policy which the company provides to the executives falls under three categories: Fixed Remuneration: This is already a prefixed amount which is being decided as a part of the employment of the executives and form the small components of the overall payouts. This is made of base remuneration and superannuation. This mainly includes cash salary and other salary sacrifice items. This is being decided by with the recommendations of the board and has an annual increment of around 0.9%. for the same roles executives Short term Incentive at Risk- Along with this fixed incentives the company is already proposing SIT where the target is equal to 100% of the fixed remuneration. This will be based on the balanced scorecard approach and the overall performance of the company as a whole. The eligible executives of STI get the amount of 50% in cash and balance is being deposited in the bank at normal deposit rates which will be forfeited in case of resignation by them. Thus deferred component is kept to manage the risks of the company as a whole Long Term Incentive at Risk- This is also awarded as a 100% of their fixed remuneration after evaluating the performances. These incentives haves a 4 years vesting period and are measured against Total Return that shareholders receive (TSR) and customer satisfaction performance hurdles. Each right that vests help the employees to get one share of CBA but the same cannot be sold and no dividend is received unless that rights vests. Sign off And Retention Awards- The sign off awards are mainly paid to the employees who are joining to compensate for the incentives already given during the year along with some retention awards which are paid as a part of retention of skills already at hand. These awards were not given in the current year. The company had specifically called out that at risk components are purely based on performance against key financial and non-financial measures (Khalid, 2014) Key Measures of Performance. These incentives are all linked to the performance goals which can be defined as below: STI In order to retain the high caliber executives these plans are linked to the goals and should be congruent to the goals that are defined over the period of time which mainly ten to protect the interest of the shareholders of the company The company uses the balanced scorecard approach for adjudging the performance of the employees individually and also as a group in order to achieve the desired goals of the organization. This evaluation is done based on the financial and non-financial incentives along with some weightage to it. The executives who are managing the production are paid 40% based on financial outcomes and other executives managing support functions are paid 25% of the financial outcomes. This financial benchmark to measure the performances of the financial nature is mainly the profits along with the risk of capital taken for getting those profits so mainly these risk adjusted profits are being used for the determination of the performance of the executives based on which STI is decided The various performance indicators as used by the company are: Profits of the Group after tax adjusted with PACC and risk % Customer Satisfaction under Retail, Business, Institutional and Wealth. The above target was met in the current year. Technology Strategic Execution- This is one of the non - financial measure that the bank takes a step of for innovation and create of the design of the various services covering the security chain and competing with peers of their platforms. People- Management of the people with talent and leadership and developing them with the development of the human resource goals. Productivity- The group aims that the processes are simplified to achieve best results along with optimization of the costs of the company to achieve the target goals and also these savings can be invested into better plans and increase the benefits and values of the firm. The company was able to pay 112% of the STI targets of the current year due to the achievement of the financial and non-financial measures than the desired levels. (Jensen, 2014) LTI As part of GRLP explained above the company tends to strengthen the long term goals as ell for which these LTIs are being launched backed up by various performance linked measures. This is purely based upon the Total Shareholders return the company is paying to shareholders and customer satisfaction hurdles of the company and the factors seems to be justified based on the nature of the incentives given by the company in this regards. The TSR forms the 75% of the performance award and Customer satisfaction forms 25% of the overall awards of the company given to the executives. The result of these measures during the year were 0% amount was vested against the Total Sharing Return method. 5% vesting happened under the customer satisfaction matrix At an overall level 20.3% of the overall award was vested by the executives in the current FY. These vesting was done over the performance over the 4 year period of these executives over the 4 year performance period of the employees. These review done should be helpful to performance hurdles and deliver value to executives and helpful to the performance of the company. The GRLP reward rights are being granted over the four year performance period to the employees and this award has four features namely the instruments that can be vested in the future , the determination of the award to the executives who has rights for that and the measurement of the performance period of the company. These customer satisfaction is measured based on the various research parameters namely Roy Morgan research, DRM Financial Services and Wealth Insights service level report. (Gomez-mejia1, 2015) These awards are subject to risk and compliance review of the board and is always at the discretion of the board to determine the outcomes of the corporate structuring event or the capital event. These rights are liable to expire at the end of the vesting period. The company in the current FY had levied some additional hurdles on the performance named as People and Community and continuous evaluation of the executive performance over the two and three year period to ensure continuous feedback. (Deschenes, 2015) Outside News There was a recent article where people were refraining for taking the shares of the company, the reason being Some regulations bringing a good amount of taxes in the name of Big Bank Tax The margins look a bit on a lower side in the current situation hence the caution flag is raised. Cycle effects- Where some factors tend to pull out the good results and post some seasonal items that would impact the results on an overall level. Long term Return to Shareholders As discussed above one of the parameters of the remuneration is shareholders return it can be seen by the dividends of the company and also the profits which are good levels of 30% in the current year but as the same were not distributed the total vesting was 0% in the current year and hence there were no results arising out of this. (McChaery, 2015) Financial and Non - Financial Measures The company had focused on the financial and the non - financial measures based on the respective group of the executives managing different level of work and hence needs the same to be addressed equally by the company and the same had been done by them and hence it needs a proper justification of the same. The overall health of the remuneration policy is well justified by the approach. (kang, 2015) Goals Congruence Policy Measurement. The overall goals and congruence of the company is being managed by the measures set by the company to achieve its goals and the same is being managed by the policies set by the effectiveness board and the overall policies used to measure the employees of the company as a whole. Conclusion The policies displayed by the report of CBA shows a very transparent disclosure of the policies followed by the regular reviews of these and dependence on external factors strengthen the policy as well. Bibliography Deschenes, S., 2015. s top-management remuneration influenced by board characteristics. International Journal of Accounting Information Management,, pp. 60-79. Gomez-mejia1, L. R., 2015. Managerial Control, Performance, and Executive Compensation. Academy of Managament Journal, pp. 1-1. Jensen, M. C., 2014. Management compensation and the managerial labor market. Internation Institute of Economic, 1(1), pp. 3-9. kang, L. S., 2015. How is managerial remuneration determined in India. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, pp. 154-172. Khalid, S., 2014. Imapct of Director Remuneration of FP of a firm. International Journal of Information, 6(1), pp. 1-1. McChaery, J. A., 2015. Managerial Remuneration: The Indirect Pay-For-Performance Relation. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, pp. 317-332. Sigler, K. J., 2011. CEO Compensation and Company Performance. University of North Carolina Wilmington, Cameron School of Business, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA, 1-1(1), pp. 1-8. Yatim*, P., 2015. DIRECTORS REMUNERATION AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN. UKM-Graduate School of Business , Volume 2(1st), pp. 1-24.

The Male Gaze free essay sample

This determines not only most relations between men and women but also the relation of women to themselves (Berger 1972:47). Discuss how this proposition of the ‘male gaze’ has been applied to feminist studies of the media. â€Å"One thing I really envy about men, a friend once said to me, is the right to look (Dyer 1982) Johnathan Schroeder posited ‘ o gaze implies more than to look at- it signifies psychological relationship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze. (Schroeder, 1998)’ Keeping this in mind, in Laura Mulvey’s article ‘Visual pleasure and narrative cinema’, she proposes that the male gaze is paramount in how women are looked at and presented throughout film and other mediums in media, using this study as a political weapon. In conjunction with John Berger’s Men act and women appear. Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at’(Berger, 1982) statement, she explores how psychoanalysis displays the view of the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on The Male Gaze or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her essay is heavily influenced by Freud’s work, including his work on scopophilia into the study. Mulvey’s ‘male gaze’ theory is key in feminist studies. (Mulvey, Autumn 1975) In order to understand the media, we must dissect the meanings that are embodied throughout all mediums and how this affects our cultures, in past and present. Not only is feminist studies important in this essay, but gender studies is key. This essay will explore Mulvey’s feminist theory, highlighting the power imbalance between men and women, how it has changed and how it applies to the feminist studies of the media, in the 1960’s in which the essay is applied, and today, divulging the effects of the gaze on media then and now. Mulvey’s arguments are in context to classic Hollywood films. According to her work, women are objects there to provide visual pleasure to men and it is just assumed that the audience is all men. Mulvey’s essays explore how men look at women, how women look at themselves and how women look at other omen. She articulates that men are active and are the bearer of the look whereas females are passive and the erotic object for the characters within the story, putting forward that they hold the ‘to-be-looked-at-ness’ aura to them. Freud coined the Oedipus complex. He describe Oedipus as â€Å"His destiny moves us only because it might have been ours — because the Oracle laid the same curse upon us before our birth as upon him. It is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous wish against our father. Our dreams convince us that this is so. † To paraphrase, when the child is 3-6 years of ages, the libido and ego form, thus causing a sexual want for the mother and a hatred and jealousy for the father because he sleeps with the mother. The id in the boy wants to kill the father as id acts on animal instinct, however the more level headed ego knows that the father is stronger and will win. He will not fight the father as the fear of castration by the father is a bigger threat. † Castration anxiety is a theory of Freud. He explains that when a young male realises the differences between men and women, he assumes that the female had a penis at one stage and it was removed, thus the presence of the female figure frightens him. The female â€Å"connotes something that the look continually circles around but disavows: her lack of a penis, implying a threat of castration and hence unpleasure† (Mulvey). To overcome castration anxiety, Mulvey proposes that there are sub gazes within the male gaze. The first being the ‘voyeuristic’ gaze, seeing women as whores. The second ‘fetishistic’, when the man sees women as Madonnas. Hitchcock is a prime example to explain the two gazes. His film ‘Rear Window’ is based on voyeurism, however, not only is the male protagonist, Jeffries (James Stewart) the voyeur with his binoculars and telescopic lens, but using POV (Point of View) shots, Hitchcock allows the audience to also become the voyeur, almost giving the audience an uniform sexuality of man. By allowing the audience to experience such a prime role as the voyeur, he invites them to participate in a form of narcissism, as the male gaze is ometimes thought to reflect male patriarchy and disdain women. Lisa (Grace Kelly), the female protagonist sexuality is portrayed gracefully; however, Hitchcock’s use of shadows enhances Lisa’s sexuality. Fetishization is predominant throughout the film, an example being the women dancing in her underwear. Throughout â€Å"Rear Window† we see women represented in diff erent ways, from a woman of respect to a woman of strength and sexuality. We also see women who are weak and a woman who uses her beauty to obtain what she wants in life. All of the women are either strong due to their sexuality or weak thus their sexuality is not represented in the film at all. One predominate feature of the male gaze the lingering of the curves on the female body and how events which occur with the woman is presented from a man’s reaction of it. This enforces the objectification of women. There is also sexualizing of the female body even in the situations where female sexiness has nothing to do has doing to do with the scene/product (in reference to advertising). Mulvey explores Freuds theory of scopophilia, which is the pleasure derived from looking at someone. Mulvey argues that the cinema creates an environment which allows the viewers to participate in the voyeuristic process (related to the male) and the narcissistic development of discovering an ideal version of the self which is seen on the screen (relating to the female audience. ) â€Å"Women are depicted in quite a different way from mennot because the feminine is different from the masculinebut because the ideal spectator is always assumed to be male and the image of the woman is designed to flatter him. (Berger, 1972) As Berger stated, the image of the woman is there to entertain the male audience and to compliment the male protagonist. The direct contrast from femininity and masculinity helps makes the male hero appear more masculine, heightening his characteristics of the manly hero. ‘The male gaze’ which Mulvey contrived has been applied to all realms of media and art. However, in the times of post-feminism, women are closing the gap of inequality between men and women â€Å" poststructuralists femininists have, since the 1970’s, sought to deconstruct patriarchal power relations † (Weedon, 1996). Along with fighting for equal pay and equal opportunities, women are also gaining their own gaze within the media; ‘The Female Gaze’. â€Å"For him she is sex—absolute sex, no less. She is defined and differentiated with reference to man and not he with reference to her; she is the incidental, the inessential as opposed to the essential. He is the Subject, he is the Absolute—she is the Other. †(Beauvoir, 1949) The third wave of feminism, known as post-feminism has seen what Beauvoir stated above manipulated as so woman can now objectify man. Now, woman is the absolute – HE is the other. One prime example of post-feminism in the media is ‘Sex and the City. ’ The show’s appeal was centred on ‘its frank discussion of female sexuality and its refreshing representation of the lives of contemporary women. ’ (Akass, McKabe). Not only did the show redefine the traditional sitcom family, but it focused on the 4 women’s friendships and finding themselves. Henry suggests that the ‘platonic’ relationship between the females is more important than sexual relationships. â€Å"These characters, and the actresses playing them, reap enormous benefits from the women’s movement. The characters have sexual freedom,opportunity, and the ability to be successful † (Sohn in ‘Reading Sex and the City: 24) Bust editor Debbie Stoller has noted a sexual credo of feminisms next generation: â€Å"In our quest for total sexual satisfaction, we shall leave no sex toy unturned and no sexual avenue unexplored. Women are trying their hands (and other body parts) at everything from phone sex to cybersex, solo sex to group sex, heterosex to homosex. Lusty feminists of the third wave, were more than ready to drag-race down sexual roads less travelled. † (Karp amp; Stoller, 1999) Is this a manifest that women have taken the sexuality which media has instilled within them and made it their own? The ‘female gaze’ could be explained through the post-feminism era we are currently in, and with more women behind the camera, it is hard not to have a female gaze occur. We also see the male beginning to change with New Hollywood. In Coma (1977), Saturday Night Fever (1977) and Kramer versus Kramer (1981) we see the ‘new’ man, caring about how he looks, becoming the loving father figure. In Saturday Night Fever, Tony (John Travolta) is vain, looking in windows and mirrors, fixing his hair and caring about how his appearance. In Kramer vs Kramer, we see Ted (Dustin Hoffman) fighting for custody for his son. This shows the paternal side of the male, usually preserved for the mother. These films have realistic characters and narratives that relate to those issues of feminist movement and adapt to the demand for change. To answer the question, ‘how this proposition of the ‘male gaze’ has been applied to feminist studies of the media,’ the relationship between media and women must be explored. In other words, in order to challenge the predominant ideologies, first we must understand them. Media and popular culture excludes women, it trivialises women, it condemns women and it maintains the sexual division of labour and the oppression of women. Through this, women are socialised into adopting particular roles in society. Ideological messages are thought to offer men and women ‘training’ in their gender roles. Women are told to be submissive, passive, subordinate, emotional and weak, whilst men are told to be authorities, active, dominant, rational and strong. I. e. everything a woman is not. Gender is a binary opposition. They are the most extreme form of signification and are a feature of culture not nature. The commonly shared ideology is that women are naturally capable of to fulfil different social functions, such as mothers, teachers, nurses, air hostesses as these are caring roles which do not need powerful men who should take the roles of managers, doctors, politicians. (Edge 2012) Sexual violence in advertisements is predominant in quite a few. In these advertisements, the females adopt the social roles of the passive, subordinate, weak female whereas the male is active, strong, overpowering, and violent. The advertisements depict women and men enacting particular gender sexuality roles that highlight rape myth. Rape Myth is the cultural belief that women enjoy sexual assault and therefore are partly to blame. â€Å"no means yes. † The women who subject themselves to the ‘sexual assault’ are normalising this rape mythology. There have been arguments as to the impact of these advertisements on men and the true norms of society. Ads depicting gang rape, murder of women, domestic violence, stalking are common to popular companies out there, designers such as Dolce amp; Cabbana, Calvin Klein, Wranglers, Valentino, and even food companies such as Burger King, which in one ad uses the sandwich as a phallic object. These advertisements shows the male not only active, but quite aggressive where as the women is in a submissive position. In some ads, the women is smiling whilst she is being attacked, furthering normalising this rape myth and the ads are found in teen and preteen magazines. This means that young boys and girls are being subjected to these violent images, making it seem culturally accepted to act like this later on in life, and for girls to be submissive and okay with this in real life. In the illustrious Mulvey’s work, she focuses on the classic Hollywood cinema and the effects on feminism. To pose a relationship between feminism and cinema , is therefore to suggest two things : one that there are connections to be made on an analytical or theoretical level between the two sets of practices and two, that taken together feminism and cinema might provide a basis for certain types of intervention in culture’ (Bose, 1997) It is clear that the ‘male gaze’ is p redominant in the studies of feminism as explained throughout the essay, however, with the onset of post-feminism, is the post-feministic culture causing a repudiation of feminism? Although women have gained their own, they are now becoming so un-lady like. Is this the new feminism? Feminism without the femininity? Covers of magazines ‘celebrate’ women’s form and is the woman’s choice, however, are women choosing this or are they conforming to the male gaze and allowing the normalisation of pornography and hostility to feminism Young women’s ‘freedom’, cool and sophistication dependant upon their complicity and acquiescence to this culture (McRobbie, 2006) But the essential way of seeing women, the essential use to which their images are put, has not changed. Women are depicted in quite a different way from mennot because the feminine is different from the masculinebut because the ideal spectator is always assumed to be male and the image of the woman is designed to flatter him. (Berger 1972 p64) This is an interesting point Berger raises. Although this was written in 1982, this can still be applied to the media today. Post-feminism is indubitably upon us, with women taking control of their future and their sexuality. However, the argument stands as to whether women are in control of their sexuality or has the culture become so narcissistic and obsessive with looks that women have just conformed to what men like, as reiterated from de Beauvoir â€Å"For him she is sex—absolute sex, no less.. † (Beauvoir, 1949) With good judgment, it is safe to accept that although the role of ‘the male gaze’ is imperative when analysing media forms, in the new era of post-feminism there the introduction of ‘the female gaze’ and it seems to be culturally accepted, through the media at least with the onset of post-feminist films, television shows such as Sex and the City. It is uncertain how long this will last until the 4th wave of feminism occurs, and how further they can take it until they castrate themselves of their femininity completely and take on all masculinity characteristics. Sex is known as the biological differences between man and women, whereas gender is the cultural differences between man and woman. Cultural differences are learnt and instilled in us as we grow up, prompting the phrase : ‘Nurture, not nature. ’ (Edge 2012) However, if culture is changing and females are beginning to regain their power, does this mean that the cultural gender roles will change?

Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Essay Example

Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Essay Example Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Paper Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Paper In a market that is yet to experience the ingenuity and brilliance of a safe yet potent blood substitute, Biopure Corporation is at the verge of carving a niche segment for itself. Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure for the human market, the company is all set to make a difference. No doubt, the need for a human blood substitute continues to rise, given the number of elective and emergency surgeries that are taking place, the shelf-life of donated blood, and the fear of transmitted diseases such as AIDS. On the other hand, the demand for blood in the veterinary market is not as acute as that of the human market. Nevertheless, the need does exist. The absence of blood substitutes in the field has resulted in veterinarians viewing blood transfusions as the absolute last resort. It is this situation that Biopure’s product will soon address. When will it begin to do so is the question at hand, to which an answer is yet to be found. Welcoming markets? Set against this background, one needs to take a closer look into the situation that Biopure is facing at the moment. Having to swing between the veterinary and human market, the company has got to study both closely. In the case of the human market, blood donation is currently enabling operations and other procedures that require blood. Clearly, this is not adequate for the number of trauma cases that occur in the United States alone in a single year ? 500,000. Add to this the fact that shelved RBCs are only 50% efficient in transporting oxygen. Evidently then, when a product addresses all the above issues and is a cut above its competitors, being the bovine sourced blood substitute that it is, Hemopure’s potential in the human market is enviable and comes nowhere close to that of its competitors. While Hemopure enjoys this position in the human blood market, the veterinary market seems as promising, if not more. In a survey that was conducted merely among 15,000 veterinary practices alone, primary care itself showed gross revenues of $570,000 and emergency care showed revenues of $770,000. This is a clear indication of the opportunity that abounds in this field. The potential size of this market is seen in a second survey conducted on a group of 285 veterinarians and 200 dog owners. Even at a rate of $200, 60 per cent of the veterinarians were willing to opt for Oxyglobin. More interestingly, and an important factor to consider while setting the price for Oxyglobin, is 65% of dog owners were willing to pay $400 for blood transfusions in critical operations. The size of the veterinary market clearly wasn’t going to be a problem for Biopure Corporation. It was large, it was accepting and definitely, it was waiting for the product to release. Painting the present picture†¦ However, Biopure’s success in the human market is largely dependant on a few factors that have been pointed out and wisely at that, by certain employees. To begin with, the problem of what goes before what arises in the case of Hemopure and Oxyglobin. While some at Biopure Corporation are of the opinion that Oxyglobin should hit the market first, some others believe that it would be wiser for Hemopure to be the first to arrive. If Oxyglobin were to be Hemopure’s predecessor, it would cause a series of challenges, the first of which would begin with pricing. While Oxyglobin is priced at a mere $150 per unit, Hemopure is priced at a slightly ambitious $600 to $800 per unit. It could be perceived as a similar product and the high price would be severely debated, causing an unnecessary stir.

A Biography of Notorious Auschwitz Doctor Josef Mengele

A Biography of Notorious Auschwitz Doctor Josef Mengele Josef Mengele (March 16, 1911 - February 7, 1979) was a Nazi SS doctor who experimented on twins, dwarves, and others at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp during the Holocaust. Although Mengele looked kind and handsome, his heinous, pseudoscientific medical experiments, often performed on young children, has placed Mengele as one of the most villainous and notorious Nazis. At the end of World War II, Mengele escaped capture and is believed to have died in Brazil 34 years later. Early Life Born March 16, 1911, in Gà ¼nzburg, GermanyParents were Karl (1881-1959) and Walburga (d. 1946), MengeleTwo younger brothers: Karl (1912-1949) and Alois (1914-1974)Nickname was Beppo1926 diagnosed with osteomyelitis Education and Beginning of WWII 1930 graduated from the GymnasiumMarch 1931 joined the Steel Helmuts (Stahlhelm)January 1934 SA absorbed StahlhelmOctober 1934 left SA because of kidney trouble1935 awarded Ph.D. from the University of MunichJanuary 1, 1937, appointed a research assistant at the Third Reich Institute for Heredity, Biology, and Racial Purity at the University of Frankfurt; worked with Professor Otmar Freiherr von VershuerMay 1937 joined the NSDAP (member #5574974)May 1938 admitted to the SSJuly 1938 awarded medical degree by University of FrankfurtOctober 1938 began basic training with the Wehrmacht (lasted three months)July 1939 married Irene SchoenbeinJune 1940 joined the medical corps (Sanittsinspektion) of the Waffen SSAugust 1940 appointed an Untersturmfà ¼hrerAttached to Genealogical Section of the Race and Resettlement Office in occupied PolandJune 1941, sent to Ukraine as part of the Waffen SS; received the Iron Cross, Second ClassJanuary 1942 joined the Waffen SSs Viking Division medical cor ps; earned the Iron Cross, First Class by pulling two soldiers out of a burning tank while under enemy fire; also awarded the Black Badge for the Wounded and the Medal for the Care of the German People; wounded End of 1942 reposted to the Race and Resettlement Office, this time in its headquarters in Berlinappointed to Haupsturmfà ¼hrer (captain) Auschwitz May 30, 1943, arrived at AuschwitzConducted medical experiments on  twins, dwarfs, giants, and many othersSeemingly constant presence and participation in the selections at the rampResponsible for selections in the womens campcalled Angele of DeathMarch 11, 1944, his son, Rolf, was bornSometime middle of January 1945, he fled Auschwitz On the Run Arrived at Gross-Rosen camp; then left before Russians liberated it on February 11, 1945Spotted at MauthausenCaptured as a prisoner of war and held in a POW camp near MunichReceived papers from fellow prisoner, Dr. Fritz Ulmann; for vanity reasons had not gotten blood type tattooed beneath arm, American Army did not realize he was a member of the SS and released himAliases include: Fritz Ullmann, Fritz Hollmann, Helmut Gregor, G. Helmuth, Jose Mengele, Ludwig Gregor, Wolfgang GerhardRemained on George Fischers farm for three years1949 escaped to Argentina1954 his father came to visit him1954 divorced from Irene1956 had his name officially changed to Josef Mengele1958 married his brother, Karls, widow - Martha MengeleJune 7, 1959, West Germany issued its first arrest warrant for Mengele1959 moved to Paraguay1964 the Universities of Frankfurt and Munich withdrew his academic degreesAssumed that his remains were buried in Embu, Brazil in a grave marked Wolfgang GerhardBelieved to have d ied on February 7, 1979, on the beach at Bertioga in Embu, Brazil while suffering a stroke while swimming in the ocean. February 1985 a public trial, in absentia, was held at Yad VashemIn June 1985, the body in the grave was exhumed for forensic identification.

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Interview - Essay Example I am therefore in constant communication with the hospital’s well-wishers and donors. My job description also involves troubleshooting personnel and organizational upheavals and conflicts. I am in charge of a personnel workforce of 1320 people: nurses, doctors and the support staff. Management and control of the hospital’s budget is also under my docket. This is done in collaboration with other hospital stakeholders that include hospital donors and well-wishers and the hospital’s specialists working in the human resource and accounting departments. This kind of job also involves working in unison with my fellow health specialists heading different departments in the hospital. Ensuring the hospital operates within government regulations is a task that I should carry out as the health administrator in this hospital. It should be noted that this kind of profession requires a medical and managerial training and educational background of the highest level. I must admit that it is a demanding job that requires a lot of concentration and sacrifice. I have always dreamt of pursuing a career in human health sciences. I first pursued a dental degree in Dental Sciences and later did my Master of Science degree in administration of healthcare services. In recent times, most healthcare institutions have gripped the idea of hiring Healthcare administrators who hold masters degrees or a correlated higher academic qualification. Clinical experience is also a requirement for this job. Internships offered by medical colleges and universities help students to accumulate the necessary experience required when working in any hospital or healthcare organization(s). After completion of these entire training procedures, one has to acquire an operating license of which one has to pass his/her licensing tests. Obtaini ng a master’s degree and gaining the required clinical experience does not signify the end of pursuing education in healthcare matters. It